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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Flood pulse concept ： ウィキペディア英語版 Flood pulse concept The flood pulse concept is a theory that the annual flood pulse is the most important aspect and the most biologically productive feature of a river's ecosystem.〔Thorp, J. H., & Delong, M. D. (1994). The Riverine Productivity Model: An Hueristic View of Carbon Sources and Organic Processing in Large River Ecosystems. Oikos , 305-308〕〔Benke, A. C., Chaubey, I., Ward, G. M., & Dunn, E. L. (2000). Flood Pulse Dynamics of an Unregulated River Floodplain in the Southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain. Ecology , 2730-2741.〕 It contrasts with previous ecological theories which considered floods to be catastrophic events. The flood pulse concept describes the movement, distribution and quality of water in river ecosystems and the dynamic interaction in the transition zone between water and land. ==Background== River flood plain systems consist of an area surrounding a river that is periodically flooded by the overflow of the river as well as by precipitation, called the aquatic/terrestrial transition zone (ATTZ). The ATTZ is the area covered by water only during the flooding.〔Johnson, Barry L., William B. Richardson, and Teresa J. Naimo. 1995. Past, Present, and Future Concepts in Large River Ecology. p. 134-141. In BioScience, Vol. 45.〕 This flooding in turn creates unique habitat that is essential to the survival of many different species.〔Junk, W.J., P.B. Bayley, and R.E. Sparks. 1989. The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. p. 110-127. In D.P. Dodge () Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 106.〕 The flood pulse concept is unique because it incorporates the outlying rivers and streams which add a lateral aspect to previous concepts. From this lateral perspective, rivers can be seen as a collection of width-based water systems.〔 Flooding consists of multiple stages. First, at the start of the flooding, nutrients rush in from the area where the flood begins. During flood periods, the most important element is called the moving littoral. As flooding begins and water levels increase nutrients that have been mineralized in the dry phase are suspended with sediments in the flood waters and main river. The moving littoral consists of the water from the shoreline to a few meters deep in the river. This pulse of water is the primary driver of high productivity and decomposition rates as it moves nutrients in and out of the system and is good breeding ground for many species of estuarial organisms.〔 At this point in time production rates exceed decomposition rates. As water levels stabilize, decomposition rates outpace production rates, frequently contributing to dissolved oxygen deficiency.〔Bayley, Peter B. 1995. Understanding Large River: Floodplain Ecosystems. p. 153-158. In BioScience, Vol. 45.〕 When the water starts receding, the moving littoral reverses, concentrating nutrients and contributing to phytoplankton growth. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flood pulse concept」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.